Nowadays, the who recommends an exclusive breastfeeding period for the first six months of life, with the introduction of solid foods thereafter and continued breastfeeding until age two or more. The percentage difference in rates for exclusive breastfeeding through six months between black and white infants increased from 7. Bfhi section 2 final 14may09 world health organization. Improving exclusive breastfeeding practices by using communication for development in infant and young child feeding programmes 1 unicef c4d orientation webinar series 201112 if a child survives the first month of life exclusive breastfeeding goes a long way towards.
Also the extension of maternity leave to enable others have enough time to. Learning all you can before you give birth can help. Despite the efficacy of the early exclusive breastfeeding ebf approach to child nutrition in reducing child mortality, few nursing mothers in nigeria are willing to adopt this method of feeding. In lowincome communities, the cost of cows milk or powdered milk, plus bottles, teats, and fuel for boiling. Exclusive breastfeeding for optimal growth, development and. Better understanding of exclusive breastfeeding in the era of hivaids.
Working mother attitude and practices of exclusive. A study of prevalence and factors associated with exclusive breastfeeding from birth, in rakai, uganda. Cuddles, biological nurturing, exclusive breastfeeding and. Increase the rate of exclusive breastfeeding policy brief. Organization who recommends exclusive breastfeeding for the first 6 months of life, followed by continued. Exclusive breastfeeding for 6 months has been proven the most protective especially, against gastrointestinal infections 8, 9 which are among the leading causes of underfive mortality globally. If a child survives the first month of life exclusive breastfeeding goes a long way towards cancelling out the health difference between being born into poverty or being born into. Bungum californian journal of health promotion 2003, volume 1, issue 3, 158163 the benefits of breastfeeding. Exclusive breastfeeding, prevalence and maternal concerns.
Jordan, the exclusive breastfeeding rate was 46% for infants initiation of breastfeeding within the first hour after the birth. Jan 22, 2020 to evaluate the impact on estimates of breastfeeding rates when the nis added a cellular phone sample of respondents, cdc compared the differences in these estimates between the landline and dualframe samples using data from the same birth cohort. Clearly prospective methods are likely to be more accurate but are too expensive to use in most largescale surveys. Pdf importance of exclusive breastfeeding and complementary. Breastfeeding mothers enjoy a quicker recovery after childbirth, with reduced risk of postpartum bleeding. Research shows that breastfeeding provides many health benefits for you and your baby. Lay support has been associated with improved breastfeeding practices, but studies of programs that. Consequently, the who and unicef have recommended exclusive breastfeeding for the first six months after delivery, followed by. The decision to breastfeed or not to breastfeed is a personal one. Nutrient adequacy of exclusive breastfeeding for the term infant during the first six months of life. More education for mothers and the general public on the benefits and need for exclusive breastfeeding. Exclusive breast feeding ebf has important protective effects on the survival of infants and decreases risk for many earlylife diseases. Even though taiwan national policy promotes exclusive breastfeeding ebf, the rates in taiwan are below those in other developed countries.
Exclusive breastfeeding means that the infant receives only breast milk. This study was aimed at assessing the knowledge and practice of exclusive breastfeeding among mothers in the tamale metropolis of ghana. Aug 22, 2018 the prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding ebf for the first six months of life has remained low worldwide and in ghana, despite strong evidence in support of its practice. Nmb 2003 national policy infant young child feeding. Data on 658 children less than 6 months of age were obtained from the nigeria demographic and health survey ndhs 2003. Breastfeeding protects your baby from the risks of an unclean water. Several studies mentioned that the mothers who breastfeed were less risks for certain poor health outcomes. Breastfeeding confers optimal cognitive, linguistic and motor development.
Exclusive breastfeeding administration of only breast milk to an infant without any additional food or drink not even water noncommunicable diseases chronic diseases which are not transmitted from one person to another. These include conditions like diabetes, hypertension, obesity, cancer, and cardiovascular diseases. Pdf factors that influence exclusive breastfeeding. Determinants of exclusive breastfeeding in nigeria bmc. There are many good reasons to breastfeed your baby, but there are disadvantages to nursing as well. Barriers to exclusive breastfeeding among mothers during the. Program lmplementation guide 7 breastfeeding rates at six and 12 months anstey et al. Having realtime access to clinical staff in the hospital is an. Oct 20, 2014 accurate measurement of the duration of exclusive breastfeeding is complicated by factors related to definitions, timing, duration of recall, methods of analysis, and sample biases. Maternal sociodemographic determinants of exclusive.
On the contrary, exclusive breastfeeding up to 6 months can lead to iron deficiency in susceptible infants 8, 9. Exclusive the world health organization who, 2017 and unicef, 24 amira a. Whether the mother breastfeeds or feeds her baby a substitute for human milk is her decision. Accurate measurement of the duration of exclusive breastfeeding is complicated by factors related to definitions, timing, duration of recall, methods of analysis, and sample biases. World health organization on exclusive breastfeeding. Whats at stake in 2012, the world health assembly resolution 65. As a new mom, you deserve support no matter how you decide to feed your baby.
Global strategy for infant and young child feeding world health. Improving exclusive breastfeeding practices by using communication for development breastfeeding is a natural safety net against the worst effects of poverty. At that time, preterm infants admitted to neonatal units could be ethically allocated at random to receive banked breastmilk or formula. The pros and cons of breastfeeding verywell family. The efforts of jane heinig, phd, ibclc, rlc, deborah galuska, phd, diana toomer, barbara latham, rd, ld, carol macgowan, mph, rd, ld, robin hamre, mph, rd, and members of the cdc obesity team helped make this document possible. The purpose of this study was to assess the factors associated with ebf in nigeria. This research was therefore undertaken in order to assess the knowledge, attitudes and practices kap on ebf of antenatal clinic attendees in northeastern nigeria. Determinants of exclusive breastfeeding in nigeria pdf.
The best physiological window of opportunity to stimulate lactation begins immediately after delivery, in the inpatient setting. The exclusive breastfeeding rate and early initiation to breastfeeding are still very low, because there are many factors that influence exclusive breastfeeding such as, lack of knowledge. Exclusive breastfeeding is enough to the needs of infants less than six months without any addition. Also the extension of maternity leave to enable others have enough time to practice exclusive breastfeeding, and provision of creches in all. The prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding ebf for the first six months of life has remained low worldwide and in ghana, despite strong evidence in support of its practice. Review of evidence has shown that, on a population basis, exclusive breastfeeding for 6 months is the optimal world health organization on exclusive. Cuddles, biological nurturing, exclusive breastfeeding and public health suzanne colson journal of the royal society for the promotion of health 2003 123.
Exclusive breastfeeding has been recognised as an important public health tool for the primary prevention of child morbidity and mortality. Who exclusive breastfeeding for optimal growth, development. Bmc pregnancy and childbirth determinants of exclusive breastfeeding in nigeria kingsley e agho 0 michael j dibley 2 justice i odiase 1 sunday m ogbonmwan 1 0 school of medicine, the university of western sydney, nsw, australia 1 department of mathematics, the university of benin, benin, nigeria 2 sydney school of public health, the university of sydney, nsw, australia background. Module 2 for health and nutrition workers in emergency situations. Bmc pregnancy and childbirth determinants of exclusive breastfeeding in nigeria kingsley e agho 0 michael j dibley 2 justice i odiase 1 sunday m ogbonmwan 1 0 school of medicine, the university of western sydney, nsw, australia 1 department of mathematics, the university of benin, benin, nigeria 2 sydney school of public health, the. Knowledge and practice of exclusive breastfeeding among. The exclusive breastfeeding rate and early initiation to breastfeeding are still very low, because there are many factors that influence exclusive breastfeeding such as, lack of knowledge, lactation problems, poor family and social support, social norms, embarrassment, employment and child care, and health services. Understanding the pros and cons of breastfeeding can help you decide what is right for you and your family. There is greater risk reduction in health outcomes with exclusive breastfeeding ebf.
To evaluate the impact on estimates of breastfeeding rates when the nis added a cellular phone sample of respondents, cdc compared the differences in these estimates between the landline and dualframe samples using data from the same birth cohort. The debate over whether to recommend exclusive breastfeeding for 46 months vs about 6 months has recently become more intense. Infant and young child feeding world health organization. Jan 11, 2011 exclusive breast feeding ebf has important protective effects on the survival of infants and decreases risk for many earlylife diseases. In a descriptive crosssectional study, 393 motherinfant pairs attending child. Global strategy for infant and young child feeding vi the strategy is intended as a guide for action. Improving exclusive breastfeeding in an urban academic. Followup of these subjects in adolescence has provided experimental evidence on the longterm effects of breastfeeding 35. The basic techniques of breastfeeding most of the breastfeeding problems are caused by poor attachment of the baby to the breast. A training program on exclusive breastfeeding in maternity. Internationally, most surveys use a pointintime or current status measurement usually 24hour. Factors affecting exclusive breastfeeding, using adaptive.
Jul 27, 2019 breastfeeding is the essential right of every newborn which is often not granted. Exclusive breastfeeding ebf in the first six months of the life can significantly improve maternal and children health, and it is especially important in low and middleincome countries. Factors associated with cessation of exclusive breastfeeding. Knowledge, attitudes and practices on exclusive breastfeeding in adamawa, nigeria. Breastfeeding policy brief world health organization. The international code of marketing of breastmilk substitutes. On the contrary, exclusive breastfeeding up to 6 months can. Engaging men to promote and support exclusive breastfeeding. Mothers often get a lot of misinformation from various sources.
Exclusive breastfeeding in the first 6 months of life, madagascar. Our urban academic facility has had longstanding low ebf rates, serving a population with breastfeeding disparities. Exclusive breastfeeding breastfeeding is an unequaled way of providing ideal food for the healthy growth and development of infants. Exclusive breastfeeding rate and bottlefeeding rate. Exclusive breastfeeding ebf for the first 6 months of life improves the growth, health and survival status of newborns and is one of the most natural and best forms of preventive medicine 2,3. We sought to improve ebf rates through a learning collaborative model by. Outcome measures used were rates of cessation of any breastfeeding or exclusive breastfeeding at chosen points in time. The surgeon generals call to action to support breastfeeding.
But it also can be difficult to manage breastfeeding in todays hurried world. She cannot make this choice if she has not been well informed, nor offered the opportunity of breastfeeding. This study was conducted in a community hospital in southern taiwan between. Elhoufey et al, international journal of nursing didactics, 7 11 november, 2017 2017 have offered an even stronger recommendation.
We aimed to determine the factors affecting ebf duration in a sample of iranian infants. A wide range of health benefits of exclusive breastfeeding to the infant and mother have been well documented in various evidencebased research studies aap, 2005. Knowledge, attitudes and practices on exclusive breastfeeding. Breastfeeding protects against diarrhoea and common childhood illnesses such as pneumonia, and may also have longerterm health benefits for the mother and child, such as reducing the risk of overweight and obesity in childhood and adolescence.
Duration of exclusive breastfeeding and age of introduction of complementary. Supporting breastfeeding during the hospital stay is ideal for a number of reasons. Communitybased strategies for breastfeeding promotion and support in developing countries. Ebf plays a pivotal role in determining the optimal health and development of infants, and is associated with a decreased risk for many earlylife diseases and conditions, including. This study was conducted in a community hospital in southern taiwan between december 2016 and june 2017. Internationally, most surveys use a pointintime or current status measurement usually 24. Aim is identifying, prevalence and maternal concerns of exclusive breastfeeding in kas and are. Pdf international journal of nursing didactics factors that. The world health organization who recommends exclusive breastfeeding for about 6 months, with continuation of breastfeeding for 1 year or longer as mutually desired by mother and infant.
Breastfeeding has many wellestablished health benefits for infants and mothers. Breastfeeding confers optimal cognitive, linguistic and. Barriers to exclusive breastfeeding among mothers during. This study aimed to investigate factors associated with ebf cessation at 1 and 2 months postpartum. A retrospective study in the maternity ward of a french university hospital involved two cross.